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Mediastinal tumors are abnormal growths that form in the mediastinum, the central part of the chest cavity that lies between the lungs. This area contains vital structures, including the heart, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels. Tumors in this region can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and their impact on health can vary widely.
The mediastinum (from Medieval Latin mediastinus, "midway" is the central compartment of the chest cavity surrounded by loose connective tissue that separates the two lungs from each other. It contains several major structures like the heart and its vessels, the esophagus (food pipe), the trachea (wind pipe), the thymus gland and the lymph nodes of the central chest.
The Mediastinum is divided into three compartments
Contains the thymus gland, Lymph nodes, Fat
Heart and its covering pericardium, Major Blood Vessels, The Division of the wind pipe i.e. Tracheal bifurcation
The food pipe (Esophagus), The descending part of the major blood vessel aorta, Many Nerves like the vagus and splanchnic nerves and some lymph glands.
As much as 40 % of patients with mediastinal tumours have no symptoms. Frequently these growths are detected on a chest xray performed for another reason. When symptoms are present they are usually due to the pressure that the tumour puts on adjacent structures such as the the spinal cord, heart or the pericardium.
The treatment depends on the type of tumor and its location:
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Mediastinal Tumours (Thoracoscopy / VATS) In past open surgery through a large cut in the chest either on the breast bone (Sternotomy) or on the side of chest (thoracotomy) was the only way to treat these tumours wherever surgery was required. But in todays era many of these tumours can be operated via small key hole incision by Thoracoscopy/ VATS or by using the state of art Robotic Surgery.
Click here to know more about Thoracoscopy/ VATS
Click here to know more about Robotic Surgery
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